Stated simply, artificial recharge is a process by which excess surface water is directed into the groundeither by spreading on the surface, by using recharge wells, or by altering natural conditions to increase infiltrationto replenish an aquifer. The effective and efficient operation of an artificial groundwater recharge system depends on the method of recharge, the characteristics of the aquifer, the residence. Natural water purification and water management by. Pdf new methods of artificial recharge of aquifers. In the absence of a widespread understanding and internalisation of the integral link between surface and groundwater, it is not surprising that. Artificial recharge is a technique used to prevent over exploitation of groundwater resources. The method of choice depends on aquifer characteristics, depth to groundwater from the ground surface, the presence of confining layers, the availability of large amounts of.
The techniques of artificial recharge can be broadly categorized as follows. Jan 26, 2002 artificial recharge of groundwater is achieved by putting surface water in basins, furrows, ditches, or other facilities where it infiltrates into the soil and moves downward to recharge aquifers. Artificial recharge is increasingly used for short or longterm underground storage. The central ground water board has conducted specific studies in an over exploited watershed wr2, amravati district, maharashtra. The main purpose of applying geophysical methods for the selection of appropriate site for artificial recharge studies is to assess the unknown subsurface hydrogeological conditions economically, adequately and. Under specific conditions artificial recharge by use of either waterspreading basins or injection wells is a proved. Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone.
Guide on artificial recharge central ground water board. Sketch of a section at a site suitable only for artificial recharge through an. Pdf estimates of groundwater recharge constitute fundamental input for most approaches used to evaluate and manage groundwater resources. In this article, we will give an overview of how groundwater works in relation to natures hydrologic cycle, well discuss the causes and effects of groundwater depletion, and finally, well discuss the importance of implementing artificial groundwater recharge projects. Areas where availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months. The artificialrecharge potential of the western limestone area is poor because much of the water put underground would appear as surface flow within that area. Pathogen survival in groundwater during artificial recharge 71 artificial recharge methods water can be actively recharged to an aquifer by a number of different methods.
The artificial recharge potential of the eastern limestone area is moderate to good. Mod01 lec19 concept and methods of artificial ground. Subsurface groundwater recharge, as opposed to surface water recharge does not provide any additional treatment through soil filtration. Artificial groundwater recharge artificial recharge is the practice of increasing by artificial means the amount of water that enters a groundwater reservoir todd, 1959. Manual on artificial recharge of ground water central ground. Methods of artificial recharge artificial recharge methods can be classified into two broad groups i direct methods, and ii indirect methods. Factors affecting the availability of water resources include increasing demands for water while water resources remain finite. The artificial recharge is the augmentation of underground aquifers by some methods of construction by artificially changing the natural conditions. Artificial recharge of groundwater is expected to increase\ worldwide as populations rise. The main objective of artificial recharge is to store excess water in underground aquifers during times of surplus that can be recovered during periods of water scarcity. Out of this, 690 bcm is available as surface water and the remaining 396 bcm as ground water. Artificial recharge also sometimes called planned recharge is a method of storing water underground at times of water surplus to meet demand in times of shortage. Although much can be learned from discussing the general characteristics of ground water recharge technologies, the knowledge. The artificial recharge of ground water is normally taken in following areas.
This includes, for example, direction of water to the land surface through canals, irrigation furrows or sprinkler systems, and injection of water into the subsurface. Traditional water harvesting in india dates back to indusvalley civilizationand mughal period. The main purpose of applying geophysical methods for the selection of appropriate site for artificial recharge studies is to assess the unknown subsurface hydrogeological conditions economically, adequately and unambiguously. Front cover schematic of different artificial recharge methods bibliographical reference gale, i n, neumann, i. Oct 28, 20 methods of artificial recharge artificial recharge is the process by which the ground water is augmented at a rate much higher than those under natural condition of replenishment. How artificial groundwater recharge can prevent depletion.
Manual on artificial recharge of ground water v list of tables table no description page 2. Therefore polluted wastewater should be treated before subsurface groundwater recharge. The necessity of artificial recharge of aquifers is increasing day by day due to excessive demand of water by the evergrowing population and also because of the scarcity of good dam sites available for construction. In artificial recharge schemes aquifers are treated as a naturallyregulated system which may be used to store surface water, thereby leveling out seasonal variations in surface water availability and providing a steady supply of. Artificial recharge artificial recharge also known as aquifer reinjection is the process of injecting or recharging water into the ground in a controlled way, by means of special recharge wells. In many river basins, control of surface water runoff to provide aquifer recharge reduces sedimentation problems. One result of the growing competition for water is increased attention to the use of artificial recharge to augment ground water supplies. Concept of artificial recharge recharging practices began in 19th century in europe. The artificial recharge is the augmentation of underground aquifers by some. Areas where substantial amount of aquifer has already been desaturated.
Artificial recharge is one method that allows for management of this kind. In this research, which was carried out on ibrahim abad plain in yazd, modflow model was used for the simulation of groundwater and the effects of artificial recharge on groundwater reservoirs 12. Areas where ground water levels are declining on regular basis. The groundwater may or may not be withdrawn downstream from the injection location. See below for more details on how recharge compares, costwise, to. In a case study, danaeian 1997 evaluated groundwater with an emphasis on artificial and natural recharge. Through artificial recharge, ground water heads can be restored to or maintained at levels that can help prevent or reduce subsidence. Evaluation of artificial recharge on groundwater using. Chapter 6 groundwater recharge this chapter presents the standards, data, and procedures necessary to meet the groundwater recharge requirements of the njdep stormwater management rules at n. Recharging aquifers replenishing our groundwater resources california academy of sciences duration. In order to improve the ground water situation it is necessary to artificially recharge the depleted ground water aquifers. Indirect methods 1 induced recharge ves pumping water from aquifer, which iswater, to induce recharge to the groundwater reservoir. Artificial recharge is the progression of replenishing groundwater by augmenting the natural infiltration of rainwater or surface water into sub surface aquifers through several methods depending on the slope.
Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving. Artificial groundwater recharge is a process by which the groundwater reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding the augmentation rate under natural conditions of replenishment. Feb 14, 2014 and mixes with the groundwater, which originates in the aquifer, and is later withdrawn from the aquifer during highdemand, dry artificial recharge is the process of adding water to an aquifer for restoring and managing groundwater resources. In case of artificial recharge through water spreading methods, soil and land use. Artificial surface groundwater recharge refers to different groundwater. Bear2 1042016 artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers ar, performed through infiltration ponds and through recharge wells, has been practiced in israel since the 1960s as an important component of the integrated management of surface and groundwater. Effectiveness of artificial recharge structures in. Subsurface groundwater recharge sswm find tools for.
Effectiveness of artificial recharge structures in enhancing. Artificial recharge of groundwater linkedin slideshare. Artificial recharge to replenish groundwater resources is becoming more common in arid areas. An indirect environmental impact may result from the fact that as ground water heads are raised by artificial recharge, less energy is used to pump a given quantity of water.
Under specific conditions artificial recharge by use of either waterspreading basins or. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and, is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface. Pathogen survival in groundwater during artificial recharge. Four models systems were built with the same geological structure. Recharge occurs both naturally through the water cycle and through anthropogenic processes i.
The effectiveness of artificial recharge of groundwater. Hence, artificial recharge can be compared to water banking and is often also referred to. The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels. Artificial recharge is increasingly used for short or longterm underground storage, where it has several advantages over surface storage, and in water reuse. According to these rules, a major development project, which is one that disturbs at least 1 acre of land or creates at least 0. The artificial recharge methods are proving to be effectual in maintenance and replenishment of the aquifers fred 2006. Artificial recharge of groundwater is achieved by putting surface water in basins, furrows, ditches, or other facilities where it infiltrates into the soil and moves downward to recharge aquifers. Abstract artificial recharge of groundwater is achieved by putting surface water in basins. In this research, which was carried out on ibrahim abad plain in yazd, modflow model was used for the simulation of groundwater and the effects of. The effects of artificial recharge on groundwater levels and water quality in the west hydrogeologic unit of the warren subbasin, san bernardino county. New research by water in the west shows that groundwater recharge is a cheaper alternative to surface storage. Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. An appraisal of the possibilities of artificial recharge.
Methods of artificial recharge artificial recharge is the process by which the ground water is augmented at a rate much higher than those under natural condition of replenishment. Artificial recharge of groundwater page 6 of 9 recharge methods are environmentally attractive, particularly in arid regions. It can be practiced especially in river valleys and sedimentary plains by infiltrating river or lake water into shallow sand and. The water is pumped from the dewatering system and then piped to the recharge location, which may be a considerable distance away, where the water. Artificial ground water recharge ppt linkedin slideshare. Artificial groundwater recharge is the planned infiltration of effluents from sanitation systems e. Overview what is artificial groundwater recharge need for artificial recharge identification of areas for recharge water sources factors affecting artificial groundwater recharge methods of artificial recharge case studies advantages of artificial groundwater recharge conclusion 3 february 2017 230.
Artificial recharge of aquifer is the process of adding water to an aquifer through human effort. In this thesis, the capacity of small lakes to produce significant seepage and recharge to the underlying aquifer within city limits is explored for dck. Thus, the ground water has been considerably amplified and the salinity of water has been declined, thus improving the quantity and quality of water. This book is comprised of 26 chapters organized into five sections. Natural water purification and water management by artificial. Ground water recharge using waters of impaired quality. Artificial groundwater recharge of the ogallala formation of late tertiary age is a watermanagement technique that may be of significant value on the southern high plains of texas and new mexico. Artificial recharge of groundwater civil engineering.
A recharge shaft is similar to a recharge pit but much smaller in crosssection. The most widely practised methods of artificial recharge of groundwater employ different techniques of increasing the contact area and resident time of surface. Direct methods a surface spreading techniques the most widely practised methods of artificial recharge of groundwater employ different techniques of increasing. Artificial groundwater recharge is the infiltration of surface water into shallow aquifers to increase the quantity of water stored in the subsurface and to improve its quality by processes of natural attenuation balke et al.